World War Two Bunkers
and Air Raid Shelters


This is a section that I really need some help with finding sites - does anyone know of any
air raid shelters to photograph?  Do any of you have one in your back garden?
email me on: derelictlondon@yahoo.co.uk  (ps. the above sign is a reproduction of an original sign
and is for the benefit of the London at War Museum at London Bridge)

                    
Want present day pics of your old haunts? Researching your family tree and need location pics? Pictures taken to order - low cost - any job considered (not just derelicts!). Much cheaper than professional photographers
Contact: Paul at derelictlondon.com     

The Paddock Bunker - Neasden
The British government decided after the first world war that should a similar war happen again, it
would be prudent to have a second secure location for the most senior ministers to escape to and
continue running a war.
Why Neasden?  This part of Neasden was home to a very secret Post Office research centre
 created in the late 1920s and early 1930s. This was where Tommy Flowers carried out the research
that led to the design and construction of the first electronic computer, Colossus, at Bletchley Park.
 His computers played an essential part in cracking the most challenging of the German military codes.



Winston Churchill's secret bunker was really secret throughout World War Two (1939-1945). There are War
Rooms under Whitehall, where Churchill held cabinet meetings and slept but he also had another bunker,
40 ft below ground in sleepy Brook Road, Neasden, NW London.
The bunker, codenamed Paddock, was an alternative to the Cabinet War Rooms at Whitehall, which would not
have survived a direct hit. This bunker was deep enough to be completely bombproof. Paddock was meant to
be Churchill's last refuge if the World War 2 Battle of Britain had been lost. It was designed to accommodate
the entire war cabinet and 200 staff. It cost £250,000 to build the bunker in 1938 - that would be about £80
million now.

Paddock was so secret, that Churchill only described it as "near Hampstead" in his memoirs. But he used it
 just once for a war cabinet meeting because he thought it was too far away from the city and he found it rather
damp.

A steel clad door is the only clue to Churchill's secret wartime bunker . Families live next door in homes built by
Stadium Housing Association. In 1997,  a housing development company bought the land.They spent £15,000
on the bunker including pumping out two feet of water that had settled in the sub-basement when the fabric of the
structure was damaged during the construction of the new houses above. Pumps were fitted and lighting installed
on both levels and in many of the rooms.

The Post Office workers used parts of the upper floor for a social club in the 1960's. The gap in the wall of the middle
pic was the bar serving area! This area was also  used as a recording studio. It was built to withstand the biggest bombs
 of the day, but water leaks in everywhere. There are no toilets underground & the kitchen is tiny. Yet it has a large map
 room, cabinet room, sleeping quarters for Churchill, separate areas for Army, Navy, and Air force. A  room is dedicated
 for BBC broadcasts,

 

The coat hooks are in the War Cabinet Room. There was dry rot fungus up to two feet deep hanging from the walls and
ceilings  when the room was re-opened. It’s been cleared but it’s growing back here and in most of the other lower level
rooms. Churchill held just one meeting here on 3 October 1940 with twelve other ministers and three chiefs of staff.
 He is believed to have slept in the room next door where a rotting bed was found in one corner.

Threads of long thin stalactites hang from the ceilings.They are hollow calcite straws caused by calcium
leaching out of the concrete. In some places stalactites on their way down have met stalagmites on their
 way up and fused together.

    
(left pic) telephone exchange room - The main distribution frame  still stands with numerous racks of relays still in place.
- each batch of relays has a metal dust cover, some of which are labeled

(right pic) the generator room - the control panel - the original diesel-powered generator is still present


 
the kitchen

 
Portable "Consul" Air Raid Shelter - Imperial War Museum, Lambeth
These could accomodate two people and give protection against shrapnel and falling masonry during air raids.
Often used at railway stations where staff had to guide passengers to safety before taking shelter themselves.

Deep Level Shelters
After the heavy bombing of mid-1940, in the October of that year it was decided to build these shelters.Eight
shelters were completed in 1942 around London all beneath existing underground stations and seven on the
Northern Line. Each consisted of two parallel tunnels 1200 feet long and divided into two floors.

Each 100ft underground and contained 8000 bunks, canteen and hospital facilities.In order to avoid a repetition
of the devastating effects of the direct hits at tube stations such as Bank, the heads of the staircases were
protected by heavy concrete blockhouses. (The bomb at Bank bounced down the escalator and exploded on the
platform killing 117 people).

 
Clapham Common
Designated as an emergency command post in anticipation of London by V1 & V2 rockets
which were feared to carry atomic payloads.

North Clapham

South Clapham
In 1948 the Deep Tunnel at Clapham South provided temporary accommodation for 236 Jamaican immigrants
that sailed to Britain on "The Windrush". Brixton was the nearest Labour Exchange so many settled nearby.
Became a youth hostel during the festival of Britain in the 1950's


Stockwell
Once used as a hostel for American troops

The Eisenhower Centre
A bunker built for highly-placed army officials, including the American General Eisenhower. Most of the D-Day invasion
was planned from the depths of here. It continued in use as an army transit centre until it was damaged by fire in 1956.
Now used as an archival storage depot.

The Pillbox is one of the most easily recognisable survivors of the 1940 anti-invasion defences. They were designed
as local strongpoints and intended for a garrison of from one up to ten men who would have been armed with rifles, light
or heavy machine guns. Some were equipped with a mounting to use one or more machine guns in an anti aircraft role.
With very thick walls, they were difficult to destroy by artillery barrages. It was possible to fire through narrow slits in the wall.

Belsize Park

Camden Town


PILL BOXES
Old Ford

Thamesmead

 
Putney Bridge
When viewed from the road below this pillbox looks a little out of place!

Any places you think should be on this site? Let me know!
Also info (however trivial) or stories/personal memories  on any of  the buildings would
be appreciated.


(Near the site of) Thames Ammunition Works - Slade Green/Erith
These pics were taken on the marshes just west of the Dartford bridge - this is the site of the Joyce Green Aerodrome
in World War 1 and the Thames Ammunition Works in World War 11

The Dartford Area was the most heavily bombed area per acre in Britain. Dartford was the front line for the German
bombardment of Britain. Planes which could not make it to London often dumped their bombs on Dartford before returning
home. Flying bombs (V1 Doodlebugs and V2 rockets) fell short of London on many occasions. Over 13,000 houses were
damaged by bombing and some 150 people were killed. Local A.R.P. (Air Raid Precautions) officials kept records of
incidents, and records kept by Fire Watchers and Home Guard gave an idea of how many bombs fell. An estimated 2
million incendiary bombs were dropped in the Dartford Rural area.


Matthew England writes: "The site is a heavy anti aircraft battery with two defending pillboxs and other various buildings,
I think one is a shelter  and one a plotting room. This site can be viewedon google earth at 51 28' 29.57" N 0 12'10.29" E.
There are also records about this site in the  Archaeology Data Service web site ADS record ID - CBA -DOBNAI-3073
is one and another on the Defence of Britain database record no 3073."



AIR RAID SHELTER:
 
Manor House, Lee -  Ice House
Believed  to be about 200 years old -  used by the Victorians to store ice in the warm summer months.
Served as an air raid shelter in WWII.

Bermondsey
Sign for air raid shelter in a housing estate. There is no other evidence of the shelter.


 
Westminster
Some rare signs in a residential street pointing to a public air-raid shelter.


AND FINALLY:

Jeff writes:
"A couple of years ago we found a large (10'x8') raised slab in the garden
after removing some "decorative" crazy paving and a wishing well. The old
man who we bought the house from assured us the "feature" was only a patio.

After digging round it we found what I can only describe as a sunken
pillbox. Not just a concrete slab but a completely cast re-inforced
concrete building that protruded up from the ground about 18 inches. Which
meant it had to go so we could put in a shed and decking.

It took me a week with a pnuematic drill to remove the roof and get the
walls level with the rest of the garden. What a nightmare. The roof was
approx 12" thick with scaffolding tubes running through the concrete.

I could find no local history as to what the bunker was or who would have
paid for it during the war. Also around the back of the garden is the remains
of a large section concrete wall and some further brickwork under the flowerbed
that led downwards.

It seemed far more substantial than the usual civilian Anderson shelters
more like the Pillbox at Old Ford on your site. We even found a .303
practice round of ammunition. (no cordite inside)

But as the local council didn't have record of it and the armt records
couldn't find details of anything we demolished it.


Shame as it would have made a good photo on Derelict London"

Richard Beckett writes:
"Some years ago while wandering around the Rockingham Street area of the Elephant & Castle
 I came across some blocks of flats with unusual metal fencing on low brick walls. The metal
 parts of the fences seemed vaguely familiar until I realised that they were made of WW2
emergency stretchers made of bent tubes with wire mesh stretched between.  Attached is a
drawing made from memory of what they looked like."



The next pic was taken by Tony Walker in Holborn: